1. “Every” vs. “All”(每個、所有)
意義上的差異:
雖然兩者在意思上並沒有明顯的差異,皆有“全部”的意思,但 “every” 更強調群體中的每一個個體,在中文通常譯為“每個”,“all” 則強調整個群體,常譯為“所有”。
All students are required to complete the survey.(所有的學生都必須完成此問卷調查。)
Every student is required to complete the survey.(每位學生都必須完成此問卷調查。)
單複數的差異:
“Every” 搭配單數名詞與動詞,“all” 則搭配複數名詞與動詞。
All train services call at Station A.(所有的火車路線都會在A站停靠。)
All events were cancelled due to the weather.(所有的活動都因為天氣取消了。 )
Every person is important.(每一個人都很重要。)
Every item was sold out.(每項產品都已經售完了。)
用法上的差異:
“All” 可單獨作為代名詞使用、直接搭配冠詞或所有格代名詞等,但 “every” 必須緊接在名詞之前。
單獨作為代名詞使用:
The company put out several statements on its website, but all were withdrawn a few days after.(這間公司在自己的網站上發布了幾條聲明,但幾天後又全部收回了。)
The university launched several new courses, and all are open to the public.(本校開了幾堂開放給民眾參與的新課程。)
要改以 “every”造句就必須修改為:
The company put out several statements on its website, but every one of them was withdrawn a few days after.
The university launched several new courses, and every one of them is open to the public.
直接搭配冠詞:
All the employees were on leave that day.(那天所有的員工都放假。)
All these nurses have completed the required training.(所有的護士都已經完成要求的訓練。)
要改以 “every” 造句就必須修改為:
Every employee was on leave that day.
Every nurse has completed the required training.
直接搭配所有格:
All my colleagues attended the meeting.(我所有的同事都有參加會議。 )
要改以 “every” 造句就必須修改為:
Every one of my colleagues attended the meeting.
或是
Every colleague of mine attended the meeting.
2. “Everyday” vs. “Every day”(每天)
因為兩者皆譯為“每天”,因此常在中翻英的文章中發現 “everyday” 和 “every day” 被錯當成替換詞使用。兩者的差異在於 “everyday” 為形容詞,而 “every day” 為副詞片語,用來修飾動詞。以下提供幾個 “everyday” 和 “every day” 的範例:
This is an everyday routine for her.(這是她每天的例行公事。)
She goes through the routine every day.(她每天都會完成這些例行公事。)
These are everyday tasks for the employees.(這些是員工每天的工作任務。)
The employees complete these tasks every day.(員工每天都會完成這些工作任務。)
另外,“everyday” 也能用來代表“日常的”。
These are everyday essentials for most households.(對大多數家庭來說,這些是日常必需品。)
This is an everyday look for work.(這是適合工作的日常妝容。)